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Page Performance Metrics (Run 1)

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TTFB Start Render FCP Speed Index LCP CLS TBT DC Time DC Requests DC Bytes Total Time Total Requests Page Weight
.174S .800S .769S .820S .936S .005 .076S 1.474S 32 356KB 1.489S 32 356KB

Visual Page Loading Process (Explore)

Custom Metrics Navigation Timings
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Almanac</span> <span class="line-group"> <span class="pre">By</span> <span class="ha">HTTP Archive</span> </span> </a> <nav id="header-page-navigation" aria-label="Page navigation"> <ul> <li><a href="/en/2022/contributors">Contributors</a></li> <li><a href="/en/2022/methodology">Methodology</a></li> <li> <div class="nav-dropdown header search-nav"> <button type="button" class="nav-dropdown-btn search-button" aria-expanded="false"> Search </button> <ul class="nav-dropdown-list align-right hidden header-search"> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <form action="/en/search"> <label for="header-search-box" class="visually-hidden">Search</label> <input id="header-search-box" class="search-input" type="search" name="q" placeholder="Search" title="Search" aria-label="Search"> <button class="search-button" type="submit"> <svg width="13" height="13" role="img" aria-labelledby="header-search-icon"> <title id="header-search-icon">Search</title> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" 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Page Content</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/css"> Chapter 1: CSS </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/javascript"> Chapter 2: JavaScript </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/markup"> Chapter 3: Markup </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/structured-data"> Chapter 4: Structured Data </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/fonts"> Chapter 5: Fonts </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/media"> Chapter 6: Media </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/webassembly"> Chapter 7: WebAssembly </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/third-parties"> Chapter 8: Third Parties </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/interoperability"> Chapter 9: Interoperability </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents#part-2">Part II. User Experience</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/seo"> Chapter 10: SEO </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/accessibility"> Chapter 11: Accessibility </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/performance"> Chapter 12: Performance </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/privacy"> Chapter 13: Privacy </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/security"> Chapter 14: Security </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/mobile-web"> Chapter 15: Mobile Web </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/capabilities"> Chapter 16: Capabilities </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/pwa"> Chapter 17: PWA </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents#part-3">Part III. Content Publishing</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/cms"> Chapter 18: CMS </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/jamstack"> Chapter 19: Jamstack </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/sustainability"> Chapter 20: Sustainability </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents#part-4">Part IV. 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xlink:href="#github-logo"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </header> <script nonce=""> // If JS is enabled then enable menus ASAP to avoid CLS as menu items change from links to buttons (function() { document.querySelectorAll('.js-hide').forEach(element => { // Don't just hide it - delete it completely to avoid any specifity issues element.parentNode.removeChild(element); }); document.querySelectorAll('.js-enable').forEach(element => { element.classList.remove('js-enable'); element.classList.remove('hidden'); element.disabled = false; element.hidden = false; }); })(); </script> <main id="maincontent"> <section id="intro" class="intro-container"> <div class="intro"> <div class="intro-year">2022</div> <h1 class="title title-lg title-alt">Web Almanac</h1> <h2>HTTP Archive’s annual<br> <b>state of the web</b> report</h2> <p> Our mission is to combine the raw stats and trends of the HTTP Archive with the expertise of the web community. The Web Almanac is a comprehensive report on the state of the web, backed by real data and trusted web experts. The 2022 edition is comprised of 23 chapters spanning aspects of page content, user experience, publishing, and distribution. </p> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents" class="btn"> Start exploring </a> </div> <div class="intro-image-wrapper"> <svg viewBox="0 0 56 16"> <text x="9" y="15">2022</text> </svg> <img src="/static/images/home-hero.png" alt="" width="820" height="562" fetchpriority="high"> </div> </section> <section id="featured-chapter" class="featured-chapter"> <div class="featured-chapter-content"> <h2 class="title title-center">Featured Chapter</h2> <h3>Sustainability</h3> <blockquote> This is the first Web Almanac chapter ever on sustainability and quite a symbolic year to do so with all the droughts, heat waves and other climatic events all over the world. Some best practices are already being adopted and slowly spreading. However, there is still a lot to be done. Some of these actions are easy to implement but could still prove really beneficial. Also, both best practices and measures —preferably on real devices—are essential for continuous sustainability improvement. </blockquote> <div class="featured-chapter-content-data"> <div class="featured-chapter-content-data-item"> <div class="no-wrap">10%</div> <div>Websites relying on more sustainable hosting</div> </div> <div class="featured-chapter-content-data-item"> <div class="no-wrap">2.76</div> <div>GHG emissions (g eqCO2) for the 90th percentile web pages</div> </div> <div class="featured-chapter-content-data-item"> <div class="no-wrap">26%</div> <div>Mobile websites not using cache at all</div> </div> </div> <a href="/en/2022/sustainability" class="btn"> Read the <span class="featured-chapter-name">Sustainability</span> chapter </a> </div> </section> <section id="contributors" class="contributors-container alt-bg"> <div class="container"> <div class="contributors"> <h2 class="title title-alt">Contributors</h2> <p> The Web Almanac has been made possible by the hard work of the web community. 116 people have volunteered countless hours in the planning, research, writing and production phases of the 2022 Web Almanac. </p> <a href="/en/2022/contributors" class="alt btn"> See the contributors </a> </div> <div class="people" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="people-number">116</div> <img id="character-markup" class="character" src="/static/images/character-markup.png" alt="" width="154" height="252" loading="lazy"> <img id="character-star" class="character" src="/static/images/character-star.png" alt="" width="245" height="254" loading="lazy"> <img id="character-hat" class="character" src="/static/images/character-hat.png" alt="" width="186" height="207" loading="lazy"> </div> </div> </section> <section id="methodology" class="methodology-container"> <div class="methodology"> <h2 class="title title-center">Methodology</h2> <div class="methodology-data"> <div class="websites-tested"> <div> Websites Tested </div> <div> 8.36M </div> </div> <div class="data-processed"> <div> Data Processed </div> <div> 43.88 TB </div> </div> </div> <p class="methodology-info"> Unless otherwise noted, the metrics in all of the 23 chapters of the 2022 Web Almanac are sourced from the HTTP Archive dataset. HTTP Archive is a community-run project that has been tracking how the web is built since 2010. Using WebPageTest and Lighthouse under the hood, metadata about nearly 8.4 million websites are tested monthly and included in a public BigQuery database for analysis. The June 2022 dataset was used as the basis for the 2022 Web Almanac’s metrics. For more information, see the Methodology page. </p> <a href="/en/2022/methodology" class="alt btn"> Learn about our Methodology </a> <img class="methodology-characters" src="/static/images/methodology-characters.png" alt="" width="984" height="354" loading="lazy"> </div> </section> </main> <footer id="footer" class="alt-bg"> <div class="container"> <div class="home-logo"> <a class="navigation-logo" href="/en/2022/"> <span class="wa">Web Almanac</span> <span class="line-group"> <span class="pre">By</span> <span class="ha">HTTP Archive</span> </span> </a> </div> <hr> <nav id="footer-nav-items" aria-label="Footer navigation" class="nav-items"> <ul> <li><a href="/en/2022/contributors">Contributors</a></li> <li><a href="/en/2022/methodology">Methodology</a></li> <li> <div class="nav-dropdown footer search-nav"> <button type="button" class="nav-dropdown-btn search-button" aria-expanded="false"> Search </button> <ul class="nav-dropdown-list align-right hidden footer-search"> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <form action="/en/search"> <label for="footer-search-box" class="visually-hidden">Search</label> <input id="footer-search-box" class="search-input" type="search" name="q" placeholder="Search" title="Search" aria-label="Search"> <button class="search-button" type="submit"> <svg width="13" height="13" role="img" aria-labelledby="footer-search-icon"> <title id="footer-search-icon">Search</title> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#search-logo"></use> </svg> </button> </form> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li> <div class="nav-dropdown footer table-of-contents"> <button type="button" class="nav-dropdown-btn" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Table of Contents"> Table of Contents </button> <ul class="nav-dropdown-list hidden footer-list"> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part nav-dropdown-list-current"> <span>Home</span> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents">Table of Contents</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents#part-1">Part I. 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xlink:href="#github-logo"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </header> <script nonce=""> // If JS is enabled then enable menus ASAP to avoid CLS as menu items change from links to buttons (function() { document.querySelectorAll('.js-hide').forEach(element => { // Don't just hide it - delete it completely to avoid any specifity issues element.parentNode.removeChild(element); }); document.querySelectorAll('.js-enable').forEach(element => { element.classList.remove('js-enable'); element.classList.remove('hidden'); element.disabled = false; element.hidden = false; }); })(); </script> <main id="maincontent"> <section id="intro" class="intro-container"> <div class="intro"> <div class="intro-year">2022</div> <h1 class="title title-lg title-alt">Web Almanac</h1> <h2>HTTP Archive’s annual<br> <b>state of the web</b> report</h2> <p> Our mission is to combine the raw stats and trends of the HTTP Archive with the expertise of the web community. The Web Almanac is a comprehensive report on the state of the web, backed by real data and trusted web experts. The 2022 edition is comprised of 23 chapters spanning aspects of page content, user experience, publishing, and distribution. </p> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents" class="btn"> Start exploring </a> </div> <div class="intro-image-wrapper"> <svg viewBox="0 0 56 16"> <text x="9" y="15">2022</text> </svg> <img src="/static/images/home-hero.png" alt="" width="820" height="562" fetchpriority="high"> </div> </section> <section id="featured-chapter" class="featured-chapter"> <div class="featured-chapter-content"> <h2 class="title title-center">Featured Chapter</h2> <h3>Sustainability</h3> <blockquote> This is the first Web Almanac chapter ever on sustainability and quite a symbolic year to do so with all the droughts, heat waves and other climatic events all over the world. Some best practices are already being adopted and slowly spreading. However, there is still a lot to be done. Some of these actions are easy to implement but could still prove really beneficial. Also, both best practices and measures —preferably on real devices—are essential for continuous sustainability improvement. </blockquote> <div class="featured-chapter-content-data"> <div class="featured-chapter-content-data-item"> <div class="no-wrap">10%</div> <div>Websites relying on more sustainable hosting</div> </div> <div class="featured-chapter-content-data-item"> <div class="no-wrap">2.76</div> <div>GHG emissions (g eqCO2) for the 90th percentile web pages</div> </div> <div class="featured-chapter-content-data-item"> <div class="no-wrap">26%</div> <div>Mobile websites not using cache at all</div> </div> </div> <a href="/en/2022/sustainability" class="btn"> Read the <span class="featured-chapter-name">Sustainability</span> chapter </a> </div> </section> <section id="contributors" class="contributors-container alt-bg"> <div class="container"> <div class="contributors"> <h2 class="title title-alt">Contributors</h2> <p> The Web Almanac has been made possible by the hard work of the web community. 116 people have volunteered countless hours in the planning, research, writing and production phases of the 2022 Web Almanac. </p> <a href="/en/2022/contributors" class="alt btn"> See the contributors </a> </div> <div class="people" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="people-number">116</div> <img id="character-markup" class="character" src="/static/images/character-markup.png" alt="" width="154" height="252" loading="lazy"> <img id="character-star" class="character" src="/static/images/character-star.png" alt="" width="245" height="254" loading="lazy"> <img id="character-hat" class="character" src="/static/images/character-hat.png" alt="" width="186" height="207" loading="lazy"> </div> </div> </section> <section id="methodology" class="methodology-container"> <div class="methodology"> <h2 class="title title-center">Methodology</h2> <div class="methodology-data"> <div class="websites-tested"> <div> Websites Tested </div> <div> 8.36M </div> </div> <div class="data-processed"> <div> Data Processed </div> <div> 43.88 TB </div> </div> </div> <p class="methodology-info"> Unless otherwise noted, the metrics in all of the 23 chapters of the 2022 Web Almanac are sourced from the HTTP Archive dataset. HTTP Archive is a community-run project that has been tracking how the web is built since 2010. Using WebPageTest and Lighthouse under the hood, metadata about nearly 8.4 million websites are tested monthly and included in a public BigQuery database for analysis. The June 2022 dataset was used as the basis for the 2022 Web Almanac’s metrics. For more information, see the Methodology page. </p> <a href="/en/2022/methodology" class="alt btn"> Learn about our Methodology </a> <img class="methodology-characters" src="/static/images/methodology-characters.png" alt="" width="984" height="354" loading="lazy"> </div> </section> </main> <footer id="footer" class="alt-bg"> <div class="container"> <div class="home-logo"> <a class="navigation-logo" href="/en/2022/"> <span class="wa">Web Almanac</span> <span class="line-group"> <span class="pre">By</span> <span class="ha">HTTP Archive</span> </span> </a> </div> <hr> <nav id="footer-nav-items" aria-label="Footer navigation" class="nav-items"> <ul> <li><a href="/en/2022/contributors">Contributors</a></li> <li><a href="/en/2022/methodology">Methodology</a></li> <li> <div class="nav-dropdown footer search-nav"> <button type="button" class="nav-dropdown-btn search-button" aria-expanded="false"> Search </button> <ul class="nav-dropdown-list align-right hidden footer-search"> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <form action="/en/search"> <label for="footer-search-box" class="visually-hidden">Search</label> <input id="footer-search-box" class="search-input" type="search" name="q" placeholder="Search" title="Search" aria-label="Search"> <button class="search-button" type="submit"> <svg width="13" height="13" role="img" aria-labelledby="footer-search-icon"> <title id="footer-search-icon">Search</title> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#search-logo"></use> </svg> </button> </form> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li> <div class="nav-dropdown footer table-of-contents"> <button type="button" class="nav-dropdown-btn" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Table of Contents"> Table of Contents </button> <ul class="nav-dropdown-list hidden footer-list"> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part nav-dropdown-list-current"> <span>Home</span> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents">Table of Contents</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents#part-1">Part I. Page Content</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/css"> Chapter 1: CSS </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/javascript"> Chapter 2: JavaScript </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/markup"> Chapter 3: Markup </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/structured-data"> Chapter 4: Structured Data </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/fonts"> Chapter 5: Fonts </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/media"> Chapter 6: Media </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/webassembly"> Chapter 7: WebAssembly </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/third-parties"> Chapter 8: Third Parties </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/interoperability"> Chapter 9: Interoperability </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents#part-2">Part II. User Experience</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/seo"> Chapter 10: SEO </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/accessibility"> Chapter 11: Accessibility </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/performance"> Chapter 12: Performance </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/privacy"> Chapter 13: Privacy </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/security"> Chapter 14: Security </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/mobile-web"> Chapter 15: Mobile Web </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/capabilities"> Chapter 16: Capabilities </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/pwa"> Chapter 17: PWA </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents#part-3">Part III. Content Publishing</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/cms"> Chapter 18: CMS </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/jamstack"> Chapter 19: Jamstack </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/sustainability"> Chapter 20: Sustainability </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents#part-4">Part IV. Content Distribution</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/page-weight"> Chapter 21: Page Weight </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/cdn"> Chapter 22: CDN </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/http"> Chapter 23: HTTP </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents#appendices">Appendices</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/methodology">Methodology</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/contributors">Contributors</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/search">Search</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents#ebook">Ebook</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter ebook"> <a href="https://cdn.httparchive.org/almanac/ebooks/web_almanac_2022_en.pdf" data-event="ebook-click" data-label="toc-menu">Ebook PDF (32MB)</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li> 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Page Content</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/css"> Chapter 1: CSS </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/javascript"> Chapter 2: JavaScript </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/markup"> Chapter 3: Markup </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/structured-data"> Chapter 4: Structured Data </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/fonts"> Chapter 5: Fonts </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/media"> Chapter 6: Media </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/webassembly"> Chapter 7: WebAssembly </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/third-parties"> Chapter 8: Third Parties </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/interoperability"> Chapter 9: Interoperability </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents#part-2">Part II. User Experience</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/seo"> Chapter 10: SEO </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/accessibility"> Chapter 11: Accessibility </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/performance"> Chapter 12: Performance </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/privacy"> Chapter 13: Privacy </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/security"> Chapter 14: Security </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/mobile-web"> Chapter 15: Mobile Web </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/capabilities"> Chapter 16: Capabilities </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/pwa"> Chapter 17: PWA </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents#part-3">Part III. Content Publishing</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/cms"> Chapter 18: CMS </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/jamstack"> Chapter 19: Jamstack </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/sustainability"> Chapter 20: Sustainability </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents#part-4">Part IV. Content Distribution</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/page-weight"> Chapter 21: Page Weight </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/cdn"> Chapter 22: CDN </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/http"> Chapter 23: HTTP </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents#appendices">Appendices</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/methodology">Methodology</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/contributors">Contributors</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/search">Search</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents#ebook">Ebook</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter ebook"> <a href="https://cdn.httparchive.org/almanac/ebooks/web_almanac_2022_en.pdf" data-event="ebook-click" data-label="toc-menu">Ebook PDF (32MB)</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li> 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xlink:href="#github-logo"></use> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </header> <script nonce=""> // If JS is enabled then enable menus ASAP to avoid CLS as menu items change from links to buttons (function() { document.querySelectorAll('.js-hide').forEach(element => { // Don't just hide it - delete it completely to avoid any specifity issues element.parentNode.removeChild(element); }); document.querySelectorAll('.js-enable').forEach(element => { element.classList.remove('js-enable'); element.classList.remove('hidden'); element.disabled = false; element.hidden = false; }); })(); </script> <main id="maincontent"> <section id="intro" class="intro-container"> <div class="intro"> <div class="intro-year">2022</div> <h1 class="title title-lg title-alt">Web Almanac</h1> <h2>HTTP Archive’s annual<br> <b>state of the web</b> report</h2> <p> Our mission is to combine the raw stats and trends of the HTTP Archive with the expertise of the web community. The Web Almanac is a comprehensive report on the state of the web, backed by real data and trusted web experts. The 2022 edition is comprised of 23 chapters spanning aspects of page content, user experience, publishing, and distribution. </p> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents" class="btn"> Start exploring </a> </div> <div class="intro-image-wrapper"> <svg viewBox="0 0 56 16"> <text x="9" y="15">2022</text> </svg> <img src="/static/images/home-hero.png" alt="" width="820" height="562" fetchpriority="high"> </div> </section> <section id="featured-chapter" class="featured-chapter"> <div class="featured-chapter-content"> <h2 class="title title-center">Featured Chapter</h2> <h3>Sustainability</h3> <blockquote> This is the first Web Almanac chapter ever on sustainability and quite a symbolic year to do so with all the droughts, heat waves and other climatic events all over the world. Some best practices are already being adopted and slowly spreading. However, there is still a lot to be done. Some of these actions are easy to implement but could still prove really beneficial. Also, both best practices and measures —preferably on real devices—are essential for continuous sustainability improvement. </blockquote> <div class="featured-chapter-content-data"> <div class="featured-chapter-content-data-item"> <div class="no-wrap">10%</div> <div>Websites relying on more sustainable hosting</div> </div> <div class="featured-chapter-content-data-item"> <div class="no-wrap">2.76</div> <div>GHG emissions (g eqCO2) for the 90th percentile web pages</div> </div> <div class="featured-chapter-content-data-item"> <div class="no-wrap">26%</div> <div>Mobile websites not using cache at all</div> </div> </div> <a href="/en/2022/sustainability" class="btn"> Read the <span class="featured-chapter-name">Sustainability</span> chapter </a> </div> </section> <section id="contributors" class="contributors-container alt-bg"> <div class="container"> <div class="contributors"> <h2 class="title title-alt">Contributors</h2> <p> The Web Almanac has been made possible by the hard work of the web community. 116 people have volunteered countless hours in the planning, research, writing and production phases of the 2022 Web Almanac. </p> <a href="/en/2022/contributors" class="alt btn"> See the contributors </a> </div> <div class="people" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="people-number">116</div> <img id="character-markup" class="character" src="/static/images/character-markup.png" alt="" width="154" height="252" loading="lazy"> <img id="character-star" class="character" src="/static/images/character-star.png" alt="" width="245" height="254" loading="lazy"> <img id="character-hat" class="character" src="/static/images/character-hat.png" alt="" width="186" height="207" loading="lazy"> </div> </div> </section> <section id="methodology" class="methodology-container"> <div class="methodology"> <h2 class="title title-center">Methodology</h2> <div class="methodology-data"> <div class="websites-tested"> <div> Websites Tested </div> <div> 8.36M </div> </div> <div class="data-processed"> <div> Data Processed </div> <div> 43.88 TB </div> </div> </div> <p class="methodology-info"> Unless otherwise noted, the metrics in all of the 23 chapters of the 2022 Web Almanac are sourced from the HTTP Archive dataset. HTTP Archive is a community-run project that has been tracking how the web is built since 2010. Using WebPageTest and Lighthouse under the hood, metadata about nearly 8.4 million websites are tested monthly and included in a public BigQuery database for analysis. The June 2022 dataset was used as the basis for the 2022 Web Almanac’s metrics. For more information, see the Methodology page. </p> <a href="/en/2022/methodology" class="alt btn"> Learn about our Methodology </a> <img class="methodology-characters" src="/static/images/methodology-characters.png" alt="" width="984" height="354" loading="lazy"> </div> </section> </main> <footer id="footer" class="alt-bg"> <div class="container"> <div class="home-logo"> <a class="navigation-logo" href="/en/2022/"> <span class="wa">Web Almanac</span> <span class="line-group"> <span class="pre">By</span> <span class="ha">HTTP Archive</span> </span> </a> </div> <hr> <nav id="footer-nav-items" aria-label="Footer navigation" class="nav-items"> <ul> <li><a href="/en/2022/contributors">Contributors</a></li> <li><a href="/en/2022/methodology">Methodology</a></li> <li> <div class="nav-dropdown footer search-nav"> <button type="button" class="nav-dropdown-btn search-button" aria-expanded="false"> Search </button> <ul class="nav-dropdown-list align-right hidden footer-search"> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <form action="/en/search"> <label for="footer-search-box" class="visually-hidden">Search</label> <input id="footer-search-box" class="search-input" type="search" name="q" placeholder="Search" title="Search" aria-label="Search"> <button class="search-button" type="submit"> <svg width="13" height="13" role="img" aria-labelledby="footer-search-icon"> <title id="footer-search-icon">Search</title> <use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#search-logo"></use> </svg> </button> </form> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li> <div class="nav-dropdown footer table-of-contents"> <button type="button" class="nav-dropdown-btn" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Table of Contents"> Table of Contents </button> <ul class="nav-dropdown-list hidden footer-list"> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part nav-dropdown-list-current"> <span>Home</span> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents">Table of Contents</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents#part-1">Part I. Page Content</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/css"> Chapter 1: CSS </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/javascript"> Chapter 2: JavaScript </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/markup"> Chapter 3: Markup </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/structured-data"> Chapter 4: Structured Data </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/fonts"> Chapter 5: Fonts </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/media"> Chapter 6: Media </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/webassembly"> Chapter 7: WebAssembly </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/third-parties"> Chapter 8: Third Parties </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/interoperability"> Chapter 9: Interoperability </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents#part-2">Part II. User Experience</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/seo"> Chapter 10: SEO </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/accessibility"> Chapter 11: Accessibility </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/performance"> Chapter 12: Performance </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/privacy"> Chapter 13: Privacy </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/security"> Chapter 14: Security </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/mobile-web"> Chapter 15: Mobile Web </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/capabilities"> Chapter 16: Capabilities </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/pwa"> Chapter 17: PWA </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents#part-3">Part III. Content Publishing</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/cms"> Chapter 18: CMS </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/jamstack"> Chapter 19: Jamstack </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/sustainability"> Chapter 20: Sustainability </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents#part-4">Part IV. Content Distribution</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/page-weight"> Chapter 21: Page Weight </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/cdn"> Chapter 22: CDN </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/http"> Chapter 23: HTTP </a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents#appendices">Appendices</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/methodology">Methodology</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter"> <a href="/en/2022/contributors">Contributors</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/search">Search</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-part"> <a href="/en/2022/table-of-contents#ebook">Ebook</a> </li> <li class="nav-dropdown-list-chapter ebook"> <a href="https://cdn.httparchive.org/almanac/ebooks/web_almanac_2022_en.pdf" data-event="ebook-click" data-label="toc-menu">Ebook PDF (32MB)</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li> 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Step_1 1: https://almanac.httparchive.org/en/2022/ 2: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/css/normalize.css?v=3a712a3381a95c0a7b7c6ed3aa03b911 3: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/css/almanac.css?v=f05fef6658e217eccdc03ecada33e256 4: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/css/index.css?v=69e30c0abbe9bb2368e12e7e8779d421 5: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/fonts/Poppins-Light.woff2 6: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/fonts/Lato-Regular.woff2 7: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/fonts/Poppins-Bold.woff2 8: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/fonts/Lato-Black.woff2 9: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/fonts/Lato-Bold.woff2 10: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/images/home-hero.png 11: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/js/almanac.js?v=98246bed20d79e0580018616c7760a22 12: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/js/web-vitals.js?v=4041ad869843be08e145c80e9b084ee7 13: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/js/send-web-vitals.js?v=f39931f7013948beff8a4d85804cbf7a 14: https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-PQ5N2MZG5M 15: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/css/page.css?v=f00848215660c365c3266948f44017f0 16: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/images/character-markup.png 17: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/images/character-star.png 18: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/images/character-hat.png 19: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/fonts/Lato-Italic.woff2 20: https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-22381566-3&l=dataLayer&cx=c 21: https://www.google-analytics.com/g/collect?v=2&tid=G-PQ5N2MZG5M&gtm=45je41a0v9115874821&_p=1705594147420&gcd=11l1l1l1l1&dma=0&cid=656110301.1705594148&ul=en-us&sr=1920x1200&uaa=x86&uab=64&uafvl=%2520Not%2520A%253BBrand%3B99%7CChromium%3B120.0.0.0%7CGoogle%2520Chrome%3B120.0.0.0&uamb=0&uam=Model&uap=Unknown&uapv=0&uaw=0&_s=1&sid=1705594148&sct=1&seg=0&dl=https%3A%2F%2Falmanac.httparchive.org%2Fen%2F2022%2F&dt=The%202022%20Web%20Almanac&en=page_view&_fv=1&_nsi=1&_ss=1&_ee=1&tfd=1061 22: https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js 23: https://www.google-analytics.com/plugins/ua/linkid.js 24: https://www.google-analytics.com/j/collect?v=1&_v=j101&a=1757788547&t=pageview&_s=1&dl=https%3A%2F%2Falmanac.httparchive.org%2Fen%2F2022%2F&ul=en-us&de=UTF-8&dt=The%202022%20Web%20Almanac&sd=24-bit&sr=1920x1200&vp=1351x691&je=0&_u=aCDAAUIhAAAAACAAI~&jid=1027959821&gjid=1236085560&cid=656110301.1705594148&tid=UA-22381566-3&_gid=1574292940.1705594148&_r=1&gtm=457e41a0&gcd=11l1l1l1l1&dma=0&jsscut=1&z=847468347 25: https://www.google-analytics.com/collect?v=1&_v=j101&a=1757788547&t=event&_s=2&dl=https%3A%2F%2Falmanac.httparchive.org%2Fen%2F2022%2F&ul=en-us&de=UTF-8&dt=The%202022%20Web%20Almanac&sd=24-bit&sr=1920x1200&vp=1351x691&je=0&ec=user&ea=print-mode&el=false&ev=0&_u=aCDAAUIhAAAAACAAI~&jid=&gjid=&cid=656110301.1705594148&tid=UA-22381566-3&_gid=1574292940.1705594148&gtm=457e41a0&gcd=11l1l1l1l1&dma=0&jsscut=1&z=560623828 26: 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https://www.google-analytics.com/collect?v=1&_v=j101&a=1757788547&t=event&ni=1&_s=7&dl=https%3A%2F%2Falmanac.httparchive.org%2Fen%2F2022%2F&ul=en-us&de=UTF-8&dt=The%202022%20Web%20Almanac&sd=24-bit&sr=1920x1200&vp=1351x691&je=0&ec=Web%20Vitals&ea=FCP&el=v3-1705594147919-5839553823066&ev=766&_u=aCDAAUIhAAAAACAAI~&jid=&gjid=&cid=656110301.1705594148&tid=UA-22381566-3&_gid=1574292940.1705594148&gtm=457e41a0&gcd=11l1l1l1l1&dma=0&jsscut=1&z=1256697737 31: https://www.google-analytics.com/collect?v=1&_v=j101&a=1757788547&t=event&ni=1&_s=8&dl=https%3A%2F%2Falmanac.httparchive.org%2Fen%2F2022%2F&ul=en-us&de=UTF-8&dt=The%202022%20Web%20Almanac&sd=24-bit&sr=1920x1200&vp=1351x691&je=0&ec=Web%20Vitals&ea=TTFB&el=v3-1705594147920-1455474333672&ev=222&_u=aCDAAUIhAAAAACAAI~&jid=&gjid=&cid=656110301.1705594148&tid=UA-22381566-3&_gid=1574292940.1705594148&gtm=457e41a0&gcd=11l1l1l1l1&dma=0&jsscut=1&z=270426534 32: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/images/favicon.ico
customize waterfall • View all Images • View HTTP/2 Dependency Graph • Filmstrip

Connection View

Step_1 almanac.httparchive.org www.googletagmanager.com www.google-analytics.com
DNS Lookup
Initial Connection
SSL Negotiation
Start Render
DOM Content Loaded
On Load
Document Complete
Connection View waterfall diagram

Request Details

Before Start Render
Before On Load
After On Load
3xx Response
4xx Response

Request Details
# Resource Content Type Priority Request Start DNS Lookup Initial Connection SSL Negotiation Time to First Byte Content Download Bytes Downloaded CPU Time Error/Status Code IP
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25 https://www.google-a...jsscut=1&z=560623828 image/gif Low 1.359 s - - - 34 ms 1 ms 0.0 KB - 200 172.253.115.102
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27 https://www.google-a...sscut=1&z=1482182835 image/gif Low 1.365 s - - - 34 ms 1 ms 0.0 KB - 200 172.253.115.102
28 https://www.google-a...jsscut=1&z=210530846 image/gif Low 1.368 s - - - 34 ms 1 ms 0.0 KB - 200 172.253.115.102
29 https://www.google-a...sscut=1&z=1828015750 image/gif Low 1.375 s - - - 35 ms 1 ms 0.0 KB - 200 172.253.115.102
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Request Headers

+ Expand All

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URL: https://almanac.httparchive.org/en/2022/
Host: almanac.httparchive.org
IP: 172.253.115.121
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Priority: Highest
Protocol: HTTP/2
HTTP/2 Stream: 1, weight 256, depends on 0, EXCLUSIVE
Initiated By: https://almanac.httparchive.org/en/2022/
Request Start: 0.099 s
Initial Connection: 31 ms
Time to First Byte: 75 ms
Content Download: 26 ms
Bytes In (downloaded): 13.8 KB
Uncompressed Size: 65.0 KB
Bytes Out (uploaded): 2.8 KB
View Response Body

Request Headers:

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:method: GET
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Response Headers:

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server: Google Frontend
strict-transport-security: max-age=31556926; includeSubDomains
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x-cloud-trace-context: 543e4e5f5c5a2c2ee794196b7abb5582
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URL: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/css/normalize.css?v=3a712a3381a95c0a7b7c6ed3aa03b911
Host: almanac.httparchive.org
IP: 172.253.115.121
Error/Status Code: 200
Priority: Highest
Protocol: HTTP/2
HTTP/2 Stream: 3, weight 256, depends on 1, EXCLUSIVE
Initiated By: https://almanac.httparchive.org/en/2022/ line 7
Request Start: 0.199 s
Time to First Byte: 43 ms
Content Download: 10 ms
Bytes In (downloaded): 1.9 KB
Uncompressed Size: 6.1 KB
Bytes Out (uploaded): 1.9 KB
View Response Body

Request Headers:

:authority: almanac.httparchive.org
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:scheme: https
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Response Headers:

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content-encoding: gzip
content-type: text/css; charset=utf-8
date: Thu, 18 Jan 2024 16:09:07 GMT
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Request 3: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/css/almanac.css?v=f05fef6658e217eccdc03ecada33e256

URL: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/css/almanac.css?v=f05fef6658e217eccdc03ecada33e256
Host: almanac.httparchive.org
IP: 172.253.115.121
Error/Status Code: 200
Priority: Highest
Protocol: HTTP/2
HTTP/2 Stream: 5, weight 256, depends on 3, EXCLUSIVE
Initiated By: https://almanac.httparchive.org/en/2022/ line 10
Request Start: 0.232 s
Time to First Byte: 42 ms
Content Download: 15 ms
Bytes In (downloaded): 7.7 KB
Uncompressed Size: 32.5 KB
Bytes Out (uploaded): 1.9 KB
View Response Body

Request Headers:

:authority: almanac.httparchive.org
:method: GET
:path: /static/css/almanac.css?v=f05fef6658e217eccdc03ecada33e256
:scheme: https
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sec-ch-ua: " Not A;Brand";v="99", "Chromium";v="120", "Google Chrome";v="120"
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Response Headers:

age: 191
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content-encoding: gzip
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content-type: text/css; charset=utf-8
date: Thu, 18 Jan 2024 16:05:56 GMT
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Request 4: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/css/index.css?v=69e30c0abbe9bb2368e12e7e8779d421

URL: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/css/index.css?v=69e30c0abbe9bb2368e12e7e8779d421
Host: almanac.httparchive.org
IP: 172.253.115.121
Error/Status Code: 200
Priority: Highest
Protocol: HTTP/2
HTTP/2 Stream: 7, weight 256, depends on 5, EXCLUSIVE
Initiated By: https://almanac.httparchive.org/en/2022/ line 12
Request Start: 0.234 s
Time to First Byte: 134 ms
Content Download: 7 ms
Bytes In (downloaded): 3.8 KB
Uncompressed Size: 12.7 KB
Bytes Out (uploaded): 1.9 KB
View Response Body

Request Headers:

:authority: almanac.httparchive.org
:method: GET
:path: /static/css/index.css?v=69e30c0abbe9bb2368e12e7e8779d421
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sec-ch-ua: " Not A;Brand";v="99", "Chromium";v="120", "Google Chrome";v="120"
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Response Headers:

cache-control: public, max-age=10800
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Request 5: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/fonts/Poppins-Light.woff2

URL: https://almanac.httparchive.org/static/fonts/Poppins-Light.woff2
Host: almanac.httparchive.org
IP: 172.253.115.121
Error/Status Code: 200
Priority: High
Protocol: HTTP/2
HTTP/2 Stream: 9, weight 220, depends on 7, EXCLUSIVE
Initiated By: https://almanac.httparchive.org/en/2022/ line 13
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